Grading Method

How a grade is decided

from raw x/y/z vibration to a Good / Fair / Poor / Severe grade

The grade isn’t a guess — it’s a short chain of arithmetic on the vibration signal. Pick a segment and follow it through: the three-axis signal, the RMS energy, normalisation for speed, and the threshold that assigns the grade. Grounded in the response-based road-roughness literature (mean-square acceleration ÷ speed on the unsprung mass; ISO 8608 · IRI). The signal is illustrative until client NVH data arrives.

Inspect segment
S-007 · Rough road · 42 km/hSevere

The signal

Three acceleration axes, one shared scale

Zvertical · road impactdecides the grade
RMS 0.687 g
Xlongitudinal · braking / joints
RMS 0.238 g
Ylateral · ruts / crown
RMS 0.166 g

Same amplitude scale on all three. On a rough segment the vertical (Z) trace fills the frame while X and Y stay small — that is why roughness is read from Z, normalised for speed below.

From signal to grade

Vibration energy → speed-normalised → grade

1Vibration energy

How hard the truck is shaking (vertical axis).

RMS = 1N Σ ai2 = 0.687 g
2Normalise for speed

Divide out speed, so a rough grade means the road — not a fast driver.

RMSn = RMSv / v_ref = 0.68742 / 80 = 1.31 g
3Threshold → grade

Which band the normalised value lands in.

Good< 0.105
Fair0.105–0.372
Poor0.372–0.969
Severe> 0.969
RMSn 1.31Severe

The decision · thresholds

Every segment's speed-normalised RMS against the grade thresholds — click a bar

speed-norm RMS (g)
segment · smooth → rough
GoodFairPoorSevere
Thresholds illustrative (derived from the mock set) — the real cut-offs are a workshop decision.

Feature space · why normalise

Raw RMS vs speed — why normalisation is needed; the diagonals are the grade boundaries; click a point

raw RMS (g)
avg speed (km/h)

Raw RMS alone can’t grade a road — the same shaking means different things at 90 km/h vs 45 km/h. The diagonal lines are constant speed-normalised RMS; they rotate the confusion into clean grade regions. Marker shape + colour + region all carry the grade; the selected segment is ringed.

What kind of road? · surface type

Frequency content of the selected segment — the route to classifying surface type

Proposed
magnitude
frequency (Hz)
Candidate surface types
AsphaltConcreteGravelBroken / Patched

Severity (Good→Severe) is how much the truck shakes. Surface type (asphalt / concrete / gravel / muddy) is what shape the shaking has — a concrete-joint spike, gravel’s broadband hiss, a smooth-but-fast road. That needs frequency-domain features and labelled examples per surface — an open item for the workshop.

Illustrative / method previewMethod after Li (2018), Shock and Vibration — unsprung-mass acceleration ÷ speed; ISO 8608 road classes; IRI (m/km). Surface-type classification after Surblys et al. (2024). Numbers here are generated in-browser from a seeded model, not measured.